In Search of Ideology
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Buddhism in Unified Silla Dynasty
-Emphasis on well-being life
Buddhism is one of the global religions with extensive, and complex history and systems of belief. Although all the teachings and tenets are derived from the religion, the ideology itself have had a huge influence on people all over the world, and during fourth to tenth century (about six hundred years) in Korea. Especially during the Unified Silla Dynasty (668 CE – 918 CE), the influence of the religion was peaked. It was due to the Renaissance of the Buddhist arts reaching its highest point at that time, and also due to many international trades of monks with Tang dynasty, India and the countries bordering on Western China. The monks were sent to study abroad, and participate the business related to the religion.
The fundamental tenets of Buddhist principles are direct and practical.
"Basic tenets of Buddhism"
1. Nothing is fixed or permanent
2. Actions have consequences
3. Change is possible
Buddhism speaks to all people regardless of race, nationality, caste, sexuality, or gender. It explains practical ways so that people can realize and apply the Buddhist principles to daily lives and thus, being fully responsible for their lives.
Karma
Karma refers to virtuous or immoral behaviors a person takes during her lifetime. Virtuous actions, such as generosity, righteousness, and meditation, all bring about happiness also to the next lifetime while immoral actions, such as lying, stealing or killing, bring about unhappiness to the next life. The underlying postulate of this belief is Reincarnation which is the reason why the Unified Silla Dynasty used this tool to govern people – to provide a proof that both good and bad action will be paid off.
Confucianism in Chosun Dynasty
-Emphasis on order,and harmony
Confucianism is a practical political and social doctrine, which was founded by Kin Fu-Tzu, known in Western as Confucius, lived in China around 500 BC. Confucianism stresses a proper order to all things in the universe (including human society) and also teaches that within and through this social order, peace and harmony could be achieved.
Confucianism was selected as the ideology of the Chosun Dynasty foundation. With the emphasis on social, and harmony with full respect to the elders and males in the society, the rulers and scholars of Chosun highlighted the Samgang Oryun principles for two purposes; one is to govern the commoners more easily and the other is to educate them how they should behave in various situations.
The principles of (Samgang Oryun, 삼강오륜) are as follow.
“Three Bonds and Five Relationships”
(Samgang Oryun, 삼강오륜)
Three Bonds
1. The ruler and subject
2. Father and son
3. Husband and wife
The Five Relationships
1. The ruler and subject
Justice and righteousness should mark the relations between sovereign and subject.
2. Father and son
There should be proper rapport between father and son.
3. Husband and wife
Separation of function between husband and wife.
4. Elder brother and younger brother
The younger should give precedence to the elder.
5. Friends
Faith and trust should reign over relationships between friends.